Gyratory crusher



Jan. 25, 21954 G. D. BECKER GYRATORY CRUSHER Filed NOV. 25, 1948 i4@ a /Z/ w w a Patented Jan. 26, 1954 GYRATORY CRUSHER George D. Becker, Wauwatosa,

Wis., assigner to Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Company, Milwaukee, Wis., a corporation of Delaware Application November 26, 1948, Serial N o. 62,071 6 claims." (c1. 2in-211)v This Vvinvention relates to gyratory Crushers, and more specifically to gyratory Crushers embodying fluid supporting means for the inner crushing member. The principal object of the invention is the provision of new and improved Crushers of this type. A more specific object is to prevent damage tothe crusher due to abnormal conditions of operation.

Another more specific object of the invention is the prevention of shock caused by upward jumping of the inner crushing element under certain conditions of operation. Y

It has been found that especially in primary gyratory Crushers, if a peculiarly shaped stone is in the crushing chamber, the gyratory crushing action may force the head or inner crushing member to rise rather than crush the stone. This appears to be due to the relationship between the included angle of the crusher head and the included angle of the crusher chamber. A speciic instance would be, for example, if the included angle of the head is 20 and the included angle in the crushing chamber is 28. This instance is given merely by way of example and not by way of limitation. After the crusher head has risen, it and the shaft on which it is mounted drop, the lower end of the shaft striking its step bearing with great force. Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide means for obviating this undesirable result.

Other objects will app-ear hereinafter as the description of the invention proceeds.

The novel features of the invention and how the Aobjects are attained will appear from this specication and the accompanying drawing showing several embodiments of the invention and forming a part of this application, and all of these novel features are intended to be pointedv out in the claims.

In the drawing:

Fig. 1 is a central vertical section through a gyratory crusher embodying the invention; and

Fig. 2 is a sectional view of another embodiment of a detail of Fig. 1.

The gyratory crusher comprises a pair of relatively movable inner and outer crushing members 2 and 3 respectively, disposed in predetermined spaced cooperating crushing relationship to form an annular crushing chamber Il located in a top shell l; a main shaft 5 rigidly attached to the inner crusher member 2; a rotary eccentric cooperating with the lower end of the main shaft 5 to produce gyration of the inner member 2 relative to the outer member 3; a drive sheave i adapted to be driven by a driving means (not shown), for rotating the eccentric 6 by means of a pinion shaft 3 driving the eccentric through a bevel gear 9, and a suitable supporting shell I2 for supporting the crusher structure.

The upper end of the main shaft 5 is fulcrumed in spider arms II, that are supported by means of the` top shell I0 which also provides a fixed support for the outer crushing member 3. The eccentric 6 is rotatably located in the supporting shell I2, and rests upon an eccentric wearing plate I4 which in turn is supported by a bottom plate I3.

The lower end of the main shaft 5 is here shown as resting directly on displaceable structure here shown as washers Il, I8 and a piston I5. The intermediate washer I1 is carried by the washer I8 which is supported by the piston I5 having a cup Vshaped section located in its upper face to receive a complementary portion of the washer I8. The displaceable piston I5 defines with the 4bottom plate I3 an expansible chamber I6 which ise'lled with iiuid. The fluid in chamber I6 supports and axially positions the inner crushing `member 2. The uid may be oil or other suitable liquid. The piston I5 is vertically movable within a cylindrical opening (here shown as lined) in the bottom plate I3, and which may be provided with a vertical longitudinalrecess I9 to receive a key 25 to prevent turning caused by the gyratory motion of the inner crusher member 2.y A washer clamp plate 2l is placed in abutting relationship with and if desired, secured to the lower face of the piston I5 and fitted with packing 22 to seal the fluid in its coni-ined working area.

Fluid supply means, here shown as an accumulator 24, is hydraulically connected to the chamber I6. Operable within the chamber 2c is a disp-laceable element comprising a lower piston 25 and an upper piston 25. A primary conduit 3l extends liquid from the chamber IS through a conduit 32, a now regulator 34, and a conduit Si* into direct contact with the lower face of the lower piston 25 to bias the coacting upper piston 26, under normal crushing conditions, to a limited position against a stop shown in Fig. l as a ange 28. The lower piston 25 may be provided with an annular sealer ring 27. Dened by the lower and upper pistons 25 and 26, there is here shown a relatively small space 29 permitting compression of the ring 2. Biasing means, shown in Fig. 1 as an elastic uid confining chamber 23, is provided to maintain a desired pressure on the upper face of piston 26. Means for admitting compressed air, nitrogen or other suitable elastic `the actuating member 54) l that is secured to the cylinder 52A by means ton. Hence the piston 2c is adapted to 3l by means of a conduit a needle' valvev body 381 3 fluid into the elastic fluid chamber 23 to thereby continuously maintain the desired pressure within the elastic fluid chamber, is provided for asv end, to function as a stop means for the upward displacement of the displaceable element 25, 25.V 5t is biased against the' by a resilient means such asa An actuating member `upper piston 25 compressed coil spring 55 reacting between a spring seat 56 (which maybe-madeeintegralwith of bolts 5S. The actuating memberli'may. atits andl acylinder head."

exerted by the inner member 2 and commensurate to the requisite force required to recompress the elastic iiuid inV chamber 23, or to recompress the spring E5.

Connected with the primary conduit 3| is a conduit 43 for extending the liquid in the chamber l5 into an overload accumulator chamber d under,l certain conditions. Upon abnormal increases in pressure upon the liquid in the chamber i6, the liquid extended from the chamber will be forced into the overload accumulator lower end be functionally integral with the piston 25, or, as here shown, abutted by said" pismember- 54 upwardly againstL the bias of spring 55, and thel spring 553 is adapted to' cause the member 555 to force-the piston downwardly..V

The displaceableelement 25, 26g may function toY cooperate with aflow-regulator 3E which is connectedvat its upper end to the liquid accumulator chamber Zlby meansof a conduit 33, and at its lower end'- with the primary conduit 32. Disposed within the flow regulator housing lare=flowfcontrclling valves comprising a resiliently biasedvalvebody 36 and return flow throttling means shown as The: valve body 36' is biased against the discharge endv of a passage 3S by means of a springy 3l', thereby, in thatposition, preventingv flow therethrough. Upon rethe liquid in chamber I6 due to the upward movement of the inner crusher member 2, and hence on thel extended liquid in lan intermediate passage iand the liquid` in the accumulator chamberZl, the compressed elastic 'fluid in elastic fluid chamber 26 will expand,

lease of" pressure on pushV the thereby forcing pistons 25, Z'downward resulting in the compression ofY spring opening of the discharge end of passage 39 to permit theliquid or a' portion ofA the liquid in 3l to effect the the liquid accumulatorchamber 24- to discharge f into the intermediate passageil tol therebyincrease the volume of liquid in the expansible chamber l5 at a comparativelyrapid rate. When the pressure' upon the liquid inr chamberv i6 is resumed, the liquid inthe intermediate passage iii] and the spring 3l will move the'valve body 35 against the discharge end of the passage 39 to prevent liquid from the liquid accumulatorn chamber 24. Readmission of the volume4 of. liquiddischarged from the liquid accumulator chamber` 24 is provided for through means'o a passagel lilk and an orice 2. The increased volume of liquid in theexpansible chamber lli or the'volume of' liquid discharged from the liquid. accumulator chamber 25. is readmitted to the liquid accumulator chamber at a relatively slow rate, predetermined by the downward pressure exerted by the inner member the opposing pressure of the elastic fluid in the elastic uid chamber 24 (or the opposing pressure of the spring and theK opening through the orince 22 as determined by the setting of the needle valve body 38.

The flow regulating means 3d may also` be entirely omitted; With this omission, the increased Volume of liquid in chamber i6- will be readmitted into the accumulator chamber 2liv at a rate predeterminedby' the' downward' peSSulG flowing through it into chambenfid to thereby provide for the absorption cushioning of abnormally high crushing pressures. IThe speciiic construction of the overload accumulator All is not a part of the present invention. Any construction which will peI- Connected to the conduitrllis a ller pipe 46 Y communicating chamber lo with. a liquid reservoirl lili A hand pump dit isv provided forin the filler pipeY 4S- for adjustingY the spaced relationship of the cooperating crushing members 2?, 3 to vary the size of thev discharge" opening associated with the crushing chamber-31, by vary- 1 ing the quantity of liquid in they chamber I6. By turning-the pump handle 49 ina given direction the liquid in the chamber lliV willr be increased, thereby eecting a riseV of the inner Crusher member 2 to decrease the-size of thedischarge opening. 1f it is desired to increase the size of the discharge opening, liquid from the chamber i6 is pumped into the reservoirv lil'y by 'turning' the pumphandle i9 inthe opposite direction. A petcock 5%4 may be. disposed in filler pipe 46 to remove allair fromY direct contact withA the liquid in chamber l5, to insure constant standards of performance.

A valve 5i ofA any'suitable form is also located in` filler pipe 45. This valve maybe manually adjusted to effect the locking of the liquid in the system when in closed position, thereby4 preventing a reverse ow of liquid 'to the reservoir lil through the pump 58. If it is desired to vary the discharge opening of the crushing chamber li, the valve 5i must be positionedV to permit free flow of liquid between the chamber i6 and the p ump 6.8., f

Under normal crushing conditions, a predetermined pressure is established in the chamber I6, sufficient to cause the displaceable structure, washers. VL I8 and pistonV l5, to support. the shaft` assembly, that is, the shaft 5 andthe headv 2. This pressure, as aforestated, is. substantially less than the abnormal pressure required to eiect the cushioning function of the.

Vchamber i permitting expansion of the compressed elastic iiuid in elastic fluid chamber 23 into the accumulator chamber 24 by forcing the displaceable element 25, 2e in a downward direction. It will be evident that if the embodiment of Fig. 2 is used, the beforernentioned pressure release will permit the expansion of spring 55,4 thereby forcing the displaceable element 25, 6 downward. The spring biased valve body te will assume an open position in response to the downward displacement of the displaceable element 25, 2S to provide a rapid increase in quantity of liquid `in the chamber i9 to effeotupward displacement of the piston l5 concurrent with the sudden upward displacement of the inner Crusher member 2, thereby minimizing, preferably to the extent of elimination, any gapping or relative vertical motion between thestep support piston i5 and the lower end Vof yshaft 5i. Upon the termination of the upward displacement and the commencement of the downward movement of inner member 2, the piston l 5 inrespons'e thereto is pushed downwardly by the weight of the shaft assembly at a predetermined relatively slow rate, due to the relatively slow decrease in quantity of liquid in the chamber i6. The passage of liquid from the chamber i to the liquid accumulator chamber 24 is restricted to relatively slow ilowage due to the then closed position the valve body 3B, and the small opening through oriiice 42. Normal crushing conditions are again resumed when the displaceable element 25, 2B has reached the limit of its upward travel, against the ange 28. lt is readily seen that the piston I5 and hence the crusher head 2, will then be in its initial position.

It will also be evident that if the ilow regulating means '3 is omitted, readmission of liquid to the chamber 2li will nevertheless be retarded due to the resistance to compression of the fluid in chamber 23 (or the resistance to compression of the spring 55).

If an abnormally hard piece of material such as a piece of steel is admitted to the crushing chamber 4 between members 2 and 3, the pressure upon the piston i5 becomes relatively high thereby subjecting the body of liquid in the to a corresponding increase in pressure which is transmitted through the conduits 3i and i3 to the overload accumulator chamber Itri. If the relatively high pressure becomes sufficient, it will be absorbed by the overload accumulator to thereby prevent injurious shock. If the excessive pressure is relieved, the liquid absorbed by the overload accumulator chamber t4 will be discharged to the chamber it to again permit normal crushing conditions.

As an example of the relative pressures that may exist, we may consider a case in which the shaft assembly weighs about 50,000 pounds. With a piston i5 of suitable area, the static pressure in the chamber l5 may be about 115 p. s. i. and the working pressure of the order of 350 p. s. i. or more. Either the static or working pressure will oi course exist in the conduits 3l, #32, 33, 133, and lit. The normal pressure lof the elastic fluid in chamber 23 (or the normal compression of spring 55) may be of the order of 5) p. s. i. which is less than the static pressure and much less than the working pressure but sufficient to keep the piston l5 against the step bearing. The abnormal pressure required to bring into function the coacting overload accumulator chamber is far in excess of the normal Working pressure, for example 600 p. s. i. Y'

From the foregoing it will'be apparent to those skilled in the art that the illustrated embodiment of the invention provides new and improved gyratory crushers and accordingly accomplishes the objects of the invention. On the -other hand, it will also be obvious to those skilled in the art that the illustrated embodiment of the invention may be variously changed and modified, or features thereof, singly or collectively, embodied in other combinations than that illustrated, without departing from the spirit of the invention, or sacricing all oi the advantages thereof, and that accordingly the disclosure herein is illustrative only, and the invention is not limited thereto.

It is claimed and desired to secure by Letters Patent:

ll. A gyratory Crusher comprising longitudinally extending inner and outer crushing members," means for gyrating said inner crushing member relative to said outer crushing member,

-means supporting `said inner crushing member for'axial movement relative to said outer `crushing member and ior gyratory movement about said axis relative to said outer crushing member, said supporting means including an expansible nuid chamber operable to move and position sai'd inner crushing member relative to said outer crushing member, said chamber being lled with iiuid of a predetermined quantity and pressure sui'licient to support said inner crushing member in a predetermined axial position relative to said outer crushing member, fluid supply means hydraulically connected with said chamber biased under pressure less than said predetermined pressure to operate in response to an expansion of said fluid chamber occasioned by the movement of said inner crushing member axially in a direction away from said chamber to supply iiuid to maintain said chamber filled with fluid at a pressure insufficient to support said inner crushing member but suicient to retard movement of said inner crushing member back to said predetermined axial position, and said fluid supply means vice versa operable to receive fluid from said chamber in response to the contraction of said chamber upon the return of said inner crushing member to said predetermined axial position so that said inner crushing member is gradually returned to said predetermined position.

2. A gyratory Crusher comprising longitudinally extending inner and outer crushing members, means for gyrating said inner crushing member relative to said outer crushing member, means supporting said inner crushing member for axial movement relative to said outer crushing member and for gyratory movement about said axis relative to said outer crushing member, said supporting means including an expansible iiuid chamber defined in part by displaceable structure for supporting and moving said inner crushing member axially relative to said outer crushing member, said chamber being lled with iiuid under a predetermined pressure to position said displaceable structure and said inner crushing member supported thereon at a predetermined axial position relative to said outer crushing member, an accumulator lled with fluid under said predetermined pressure and communicating with said fluid in said chamber, a piston slidably mounted in said accumulator having one face exposed to said predetermined pressure of said uid, means opposing said predetermined iiuid pressure on said piston comprising biasing means continually ling member ademas applying al pressure lessthan said predetermined pressure to the other face of said piston to cause said piston to move in the other direction to operate said accumulator torurge said fluid to flow intosaid chamber at said reduced pressure. and expand-said chamber in response to axial movement of said'inner crushing member'inia' direction away'from said chamber, said reduced iiuid'pressure being insufficient to support saidy inner crushing member at saidv predetermined. axial position but sufficient to maintain saidchamber iilled With fluid and to expand said chamber to urge the continued engagement of said displaceable structure with said inner crushing'member, and said accumulator vice versa operable to re.- ceive fluid from said chamber in response to the contraction of said chamber upon the return of said'inner crushing member to said predetermined axial position so that said inner crushing member is gradually returned to said predetermined position. x Y

3; A gyratory crusher comprising longitudinally extending inner and Vouter crushing mem- 1bers means for gyrating Vsaid inner'V crushing member relative to saidvouter crushing'member, means supporting said inner crushing member for axial movement relative to said outer crushand for gyratory movement about said axis relative to saidV outer crushing member, said supporting means including an expansible uid chamber defined in part by displaceable structure for supporting and moving said inner `crushing' member axially relative to said outer crushing member, said chamber being filled `with uidunder a predetermined pressure to position saidl displaceable structure and said inner crushing member supported thereon to a predetermined axial position relative to said outer crushing member, an accumulator filled with iluid under said predetermined pressure communicating with said. fluid in said chamber, a piston slidably mounted in said accumulator having one face exposed to said predetermined pressure of said fluid, means opposing said predetermined uid pressure on said pistoncomprising a stop to prevent movement of said piston in one direction to maintain said chamber filled with fluid at said predetermined fluid pressure for supporting said inner. crushing member on said displaceable structure at said predetermined axial position, and biasing means continually applying, a pressure less. than said predetermined pressure to the other face of said piston to cause said piston to move the other direction away from said stopto. operate said accumulator to urge; said duid toy flowinto and fill said chamber at said reduced pressure, expand said. chamber in. re.- spense to axial movement of said inner crushing member in a direction away from said. chamber, said reduced fluid pressure being insufficient to support said inner crushing member atsaidpredetermined axial position but sufficient to maintain said chamber filled with fluid and to expand said chamber to urge the continued engagement of said displaceable structure with said inner crushing member, and said accumulator vice versa operable to receive fluid from said chamber in` response to the contraction. of said. chamber upon the return of said inner crushing member to said predetermined axial position so that said inner crushing n ember is gradually returned to said predetermined position.

Il. A gyratory crusher comprising longitudinally extending inner and outer crushing members, meansV for gyrating, said. inner crushing memberV relative tosaid outer crushing member,

,meansf supporting said inner crushing member for. axial Vmovement relative to said outer crushing member and for gyratory movement about said axis relative to said outer crushing member, said supporting means including an expansible fluid chamber filled with fluid and operable to moveV and position said inner crushing member relative.V to said outer crushing member, said chamber being iilled with .uuid .of a predetermined quantity and pressure suflicient to support said inner ycrushing member in a predetermined axial. position relative to said outer crushing member, fluid supply means hydraulically connected with said chamber biased under pressure less than said predetermined pressure to operate in response to an expansion of said fluid chamber occasioned by the movement of said inner crushing memberl axially in a direction away from said chamber to vsupply fluid to maintain said chamber filled with fluid at a reduced pressure insuiicient. to lsupport said inner crushing member atA said predetermined axial position, and flow regulatingY means interposedv between saidfluid supply means and said chamber operable to'open in response to said chamber expansion to permit the free flow of said :luid from said duid supply means to said chamber and vice versa operable to close when the fluid pressure in said? duid chamber exceeds they fluid pressure in said fluid supply means, said flow regulating means including a throttling means to restrict the, passage of' fluid from said chamber to said fluidV supply means in response to the contraction yof said chamber upon the return of said inner crushing member to said predetermined axial position so that said inner crushing member is gradually returned to said predetermined position.

5. A gyratory crusher comprising longitudinally. extending inner and outer crushing members, means for gyrating said inner crushing member relative to saidv outer crushing member, means supporting said inner crushing member for axial movement relative to said outer crushing member. andr forv gyratory movement about said axis relative to said outer crushing member, said supporting means including an expansible fluid chamber defined in part by displaceable structure for supporting and moving said inner crushing, member axially relative to said outer crushing member, said chamber being lled with fluid under apredetermined pressure to position said displaceable structure and said inner crushing member supported thereon at a predetermined axial position relative to said outer crushing member, an accumulator lled With duid under said predetermined pressure and communicating with said fluid in said chamber, a piston slidably mounted in said accumulator having one face exposed to said predetermined pressure of said fluid,4 means opposing said predetermined uid pressure on said'piston comprising biasing means continually applying a pressure less than said predetermined pressure to the other face of said piston to cause said piston to move in the other direction to operate said accumulator to urge said fluid to flow into said chamber at said reduced. pressure andY expand said chamber in response to axial'movement of said inner crushing member in adirectionavvay from said chamber, said reduced. fluid pressure beingv insufficient to support-said inner crushing member at said predetermined axal position but sufficient to maintain said chamber lledI With fluid. and expand said cham'ber to urge the continued engagement of said displaceable structure with said inner crushing member, and flow regulating means interposed between said accumulator and said chamber operable to open in response to said chamber expansion to pass fluid freely from said accumulator to said chamber and vice Versa, operable to close when the fluid pressure in said chamber exceeds the fluid pressure in said accumulator, said ovv regulating means including throttling means to restrict the passage of iiuid from said chamber to said accumulator in response to the contraction of said chamber upon the return of said inner crushing member to said predetermined axial position so that said inner crushing member is gradually returned to said predetermined position.

6. A gyratory Crusher comprising longitudinally extending inner and outer crushing members, means for gyrating said inner crushing member relative to said outer crushing member, means supporting said inner crushing member for axial movement relative to said outer crushing member and for gyratory movement about said axis relative to said outer crushing member, said supporting means including an exp-ansible duid chamber dened in part by displaceable structure for supporting and moving said inner crushing member axially relative to said outer crushing member, said chamber being filled with fluid under a predetermined pressure to position said displaceable structure and said inner crushing member supported thereon at a predetermined axial position relative to said outer crushing member, an accumulator filled with iiuid under said predetermined pressure communicating With said fluid in said chamber, a piston slidably mounted in said accumulator having one face exposed to said predetermined pressure of said fluid, means opposing said predetermined iiuid pressure on said piston comprising a stop to prevent movement of said piston in one direction to maintain said chamber i'illed with iiuid at said predetermined fluid pressure for supporting said l0 inner crushing member at said predetermined axial position, and biasing means continually applying a pressure less than said predetermined pressure to the other face of said piston to cause` said piston to move in the other direction away from said stop to operate said accumulator to urge said iiuid to iiow into said chamber at said reduced pressure and expand said chamber in response to axial movement of said inner crushing member in a direction away from said chamber, said reduced iiuid pressure being insuiicient to support said inner crushing member at said predetermined axial position but suflicient to maintain said chamber lled With uid and expand said chamber to urge the continued engagement of said displaceable structure with said inner crushing member, and iiow regulating means interposed between said accumulator and said chamber operable to open in response to said chamber expansion to pass duid freely from said accumulator to said chamber and vice versa operable to close when the fiuid pressure in said chamber exceeds the iiuid pressure in said accumulator', said iiow regulating means including throttling means to restrict the passage of fluid from said chamber to said accumulator in respense to the contraction of said chamber upon the return of said inner crushing member to said predetermined axial position so that said inner crushing member is gradually returned to said predetermined position.

GEORGE D. BECKER.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,956,584 Newhouse May 1, 1934 1,961,811 Becker June 5, 1934 2,021,895 Newhouse Oct. 29, 1934 2,022,135 Newhouse Nov. 26, 1934 2,079,882 Traylor May 11, 19'37 2,349,790 Johnson May 23, 1944 

